紫微斗數入門：十二宮與命宮
作者：Wei Chun Chuang・2026-10-15
紫微斗數是依出生的年、月、日、時（傳統上用農曆）排出命盤的方法。命盤由十二個宮位組成，每個宮位代表人生的一個面向，裡面再放入各種星曜。初學紫微，第一件事就是認識十二宮，並找到讀盤的起點：命宮。
紫微斗數的命盤長什麼樣子？
命盤通常畫成一個方框，外圈分成十二格，每一格固定對應一個地支。最常見的畫法是左下角為寅，地支沿著外圈依順時針排列：寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥、子、丑。中間的空白處通常寫出生資料。
十二宮分別是什麼？
十二宮從命宮開始，沿逆時針方向依序排列。各宮常見的意義如下：
- 命宮：個性與整體的樣貌。
- 兄弟宮：手足與親近的同輩。
- 夫妻宮：伴侶與親密關係。
- 子女宮：子女、晚輩，以及自己創造出的事物。
- 財帛宮：金錢的取得與運用方式。
- 疾厄宮：身體狀態。
- 遷移宮：外出、在外的表現與環境。
- 交友宮（也稱僕役宮）：朋友、同事與人際往來。
- 官祿宮（也稱事業宮）：工作、學業與做事的方式。
- 田宅宮：住所與家庭環境。
- 福德宮：精神生活、興趣與內心的享受。
- 父母宮：父母、長輩與上司。
命宮為什麼是讀盤的起點？
命宮是整張命盤的核心，描述一個人的基本性格與看待事情的方式。其他十一宮都從命宮開始排列，彼此的位置關係也以命宮為準。所以讀盤時，通常先看命宮，再延伸到其他宮位。
命宮的位置怎麼決定？
命宮由出生月份和時辰決定。傳統排法是從寅宮起正月，順著數到出生的月份；再從那一宮起子時，逆著數到出生的時辰，停下的那一格就是命宮。
因為需要時辰，不知道出生時間，就無法確定命宮在哪裡。
命宮裡的主星怎麼看？
紫微斗數有十四顆主星：紫微、天機、太陽、武曲、天同、廉貞、天府、太陰、貪狼、巨門、天相、天梁、七殺、破軍。命宮裡的主星，是理解一個人性格特質的重要線索。
如果命宮裡沒有主星，稱為「空宮」。常見的讀法是借對宮，也就是遷移宮的主星來參看。
什麼是三方四正？
讀一個宮位時，不只看它本身，還要同時看三個相關宮位。以命宮為例，三方是命宮、財帛宮、官祿宮，再加上正對面的遷移宮，合稱「三方四正」。這種讀法讓人從幾個角度看同一個主題，而不是只盯著一格。
初學者建議怎麼開始？
- 熟悉十二宮的名稱與順序。
- 在自己的命盤上找到命宮。
- 認出命宮裡的主星。
- 再看命宮的三方四正。
一步一步來，比一次記住所有星曜更有效。讀盤的重點在理解自己，而不是替人生下定論。
常見問題
- 紫微斗數用國曆還是農曆？
- 傳統排盤使用農曆的年、月、日與時辰。現在的軟體多半是輸入國曆生日後自動換算。
- 命宮沒有主星是不是比較差？
- 不是。空宮是常見的情況，讀法是借對宮的主星參看，再加上命宮內其他星曜一起理解。
- 十二宮的名稱各家都一樣嗎？
- 大致相同，但有些宮位有別稱，例如交友宮也叫僕役宮，官祿宮也叫事業宮。
想用 App 練習？
想在自己的命盤上練習，時來－紫微會依出生資料排出十二宮命盤，再用課程帶你自己讀。前三堂免費：宮位、地支與星曜，命宮與身宮，找出命宮的主星，而且不用先填生日就能上完。每句解釋都標明是古籍原文、白話轉述或本專案自撰。App 即將上架。
Zi Wei Dou Shu for beginners: the twelve palaces and the Life Palace
作者：Wei Chun Chuang・2026-10-15
Zi Wei Dou Shu, often called Purple Star Astrology, builds a chart from the year, month, day and hour of birth, traditionally using the Chinese lunar calendar. The chart has twelve palaces, each standing for one area of life, and stars are placed in them. The first job for a beginner is to learn the twelve palaces and find where reading begins: the Life Palace.
紫微斗數的命盤長什麼樣子？
The chart is usually drawn as a square whose outer ring is divided into twelve cells, each fixed to one earthly branch. In the most common layout, Yin sits in the bottom-left corner and the branches run clockwise around the ring: Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu, Hai, Zi, Chou. The centre usually holds the birth details.
十二宮分別是什麼？
Starting from the Life Palace, the twelve palaces run counter-clockwise. Their usual meanings are:
- Life: personality and the overall picture.
- Siblings: brothers, sisters and close peers.
- Spouse: partners and intimate relationships.
- Children: children, younger people and the things you create.
- Wealth: how money is earned and used.
- Health: the state of the body.
- Travel: going out, how you appear and act away from home, and your surroundings.
- Friends (also Servants): friends, colleagues and social dealings.
- Career (also Officials): work, study and how you get things done.
- Property: home and household environment.
- Fortune and Virtue: inner life, interests and personal enjoyment.
- Parents: parents, elders and superiors.
Why does reading start from the Life Palace?
The Life Palace is the core of the chart, describing a person's basic character and way of seeing things. The other eleven palaces are laid out starting from it, and their positions are defined relative to it. So reading usually begins with the Life Palace and extends outward.
命宮的位置怎麼決定？
It depends on the birth month and the two-hour birth period. The traditional method starts the first lunar month at the Yin cell and counts forward to the birth month; from that cell it starts the Zi hour and counts backward to the birth hour. The cell where you stop is the Life Palace.
Because the hour is required, the Life Palace can't be fixed without a birth time.
How do you read the major stars in the Life Palace?
Zi Wei Dou Shu has fourteen major stars: Zi Wei, Tian Ji, Tai Yang, Wu Qu, Tian Tong, Lian Zhen, Tian Fu, Tai Yin, Tan Lang, Ju Men, Tian Xiang, Tian Liang, Qi Sha and Po Jun. The major stars in the Life Palace are key clues to a person's character traits.
If the Life Palace has no major star it is called an "empty palace". A common approach is to borrow the major stars of the opposite palace, the Travel Palace, for reference.
What are the "three directions and four positions"?
When reading a palace you look not only at the palace itself but also at three related palaces. For the Life Palace, the three directions are the Life, Wealth and Career Palaces, plus the Travel Palace directly opposite; together they are the "three directions and four positions". This lets you look at one theme from several angles rather than staring at a single cell.
How should a beginner start?
- 熟悉十二宮的名稱與順序。
- Find the Life Palace on your own chart.
- Identify the major stars in it.
- Then look at its three directions and four positions.
Going step by step works better than trying to memorise every star at once. The point of reading a chart is understanding yourself, not passing judgment on your life.
常見問題
- Does Zi Wei Dou Shu use the solar or the lunar calendar?
- Traditional charts use the lunar year, month, day and two-hour period. Most software now converts automatically from a Gregorian birth date.
- Is an empty Life Palace worse?
- No. Empty palaces are common. You read them by borrowing the major stars of the opposite palace, together with the other stars in the Life Palace.
- Are the palace names the same in every school?
- Broadly yes, though some have alternative names: the Friends Palace is also called the Servants Palace, and the Career Palace is also called the Officials Palace.
Practise with an app
To practise on your own chart, SHILAI Ziwei builds your twelve-palace chart from your birth details and teaches you to read it through lessons. The three free lessons cover palaces, branches and stars; the Life and Body Palaces; and finding the major stars in your Life Palace, and you can finish them before entering a birthday. Every explanation is labelled as classical passage, plain-language restatement or the project's own wording. The app is coming soon.