周易和易經有什麼不同？連山、歸藏與十翼一次說清楚
作者：Wei Chun Chuang・2026-11-05
很多人想學易經時會遇到一個問題：書店裡有的書叫《周易》，有的叫《易經》，兩個是同一本嗎？簡單說：今天大多指同一部書，但兩個詞的來歷不一樣。
《周易》原本指什麼？
《周易》最早指的是周代流傳的那部占筮之書，內容是六十四卦的卦畫、卦辭和爻辭。這部分常被稱為「經」，也就是本文。
「周」字的意思有不同說法：一說是周朝的周，一說是「周普、周遍」。前一種說法比較常見。
那「易經」這個名字是怎麼來的？
「經」是經典的意思。漢代把儒家的幾部書立為官方經典，《易》成了五經之一，後來就常被稱為《易經》。
今天通行的《周易》版本，除了卦爻辭的「經」，還附上一組解釋經文的「傳」。所以現在說「易經」或「周易」，大多指這整套經加傳的書，兩個詞基本可以互換。
十翼是什麼？
附在經文後面的「傳」一共十篇，合稱「十翼」，意思是幫經文加上的十隻翅膀：
- 〈彖傳〉上、下：解釋卦辭。
- 〈象傳〉上、下：解釋卦象與爻辭，例如「天行健，君子以自強不息」。
- 〈繫辭傳〉上、下：談易經的整體思想與占筮方法。
- 〈文言傳〉：專門解釋乾、坤兩卦。
- 〈說卦傳〉：整理八卦的象徵。
- 〈序卦傳〉：說明六十四卦的順序。
- 〈雜卦傳〉：把卦兩兩對照，用很短的話說明。
傳統說法認為十翼是孔子所作；現代學者多認為是戰國到漢初多人陸續寫成。
連山、歸藏又是什麼？
《周禮》記載古代有「三易」：《連山》、《歸藏》、《周易》。三者都用八卦和六十四卦，但據說排列的起點不同。
《連山》和《歸藏》後來大多失傳，只剩零星記載；1993 年湖北王家台出土的秦簡中，有一批被許多學者認為與《歸藏》有關。今天能完整讀到的，只有《周易》。
「易」到底是什麼意思？
漢代的《易緯．乾鑿度》提出「易」有三個意思，鄭玄也沿用這個說法：
- 易簡：道理其實簡單。
- 變易：萬物一直在變化。
- 不易：變化之中有不變的規律。
這三個意思很適合當成讀易經的態度：從簡單的陰陽開始，觀察變化，再找出變化裡的規律。
初學者該讀哪一本？
不管書名寫《周易》還是《易經》，建議挑一本「原文＋白話翻譯＋注解」的版本。先讀經文的卦辭與爻辭，熟悉之後再讀〈彖傳〉〈象傳〉。自學順序可以參考易經可以自學嗎？
常見問題
- 周易和易經是同一本書嗎？
- 今天大多指同一部書。《周易》原指周代的卦爻辭，「易經」是成為經典後的稱呼；現在通行本兩者通用，通常包含經和十翼。
- 十翼是孔子寫的嗎？
- 傳統說法認為是孔子所作，現代學者多認為是戰國到漢初多人陸續寫成。
- 連山和歸藏還找得到嗎？
- 兩書大多失傳。1993 年湖北王家台出土的秦簡中，有一批被許多學者認為與《歸藏》有關，但完整內容已無法還原。
想用 App 練習？
想把這些概念放進練習裡，易見－易經入門是一款從零學易經的 iPhone App，有八堂互動入門課（前三堂免費）和六十四卦的圖解導讀。App 的起卦是練習功能，用來對照所學、反思自己的處境，不替你做決定。
Zhou Yi or Yi Jing: what is the difference? The Three Changes and the Ten Wings
By Wei Chun Chuang・2026-11-05
Anyone starting to study the I Ching soon notices that some books are called the Zhou Yi and others the Yi Jing (I Ching). Are they the same book? In short: today they usually mean the same text, but the two names have different origins.
What did "Zhou Yi" originally mean?
Zhou Yi, "the Changes of Zhou", first referred to a divination text handed down in the Zhou dynasty: the sixty-four hexagram figures with their judgments and line statements. This core is called the classic proper.
There are different explanations of "Zhou". The more common one is the Zhou dynasty; another reads it as "all-encompassing".
Where does the name "Yi Jing" come from?
Jing means "classic". In the Han dynasty a set of Confucian texts became official classics, and the Changes was one of the Five Classics, so it came to be called the Yi Jing.
The received text also includes a set of commentaries alongside the classic. When people say Zhou Yi or Yi Jing today they usually mean this whole book of classic plus commentaries, and the two names are used almost interchangeably.
What are the Ten Wings?
The commentaries are ten pieces, together called the Ten Wings:
- Commentary on the Judgments, parts one and two.
- Commentary on the Images, parts one and two, which includes "heaven moves with strength".
- The Great Commentary, parts one and two, on the book's overall ideas and divination method.
- Words of the Text, on Qian and Kun only.
- Discussion of the Trigrams, on the trigrams' images.
- Sequence of the Hexagrams, on the order of the sixty-four.
- Miscellaneous Notes, contrasting hexagrams in pairs.
Tradition credits Confucius with the Ten Wings; most modern scholars think they were written by several hands between the Warring States period and the early Han.
What are the Lianshan and Guicang?
The Rites of Zhou mentions three books of changes: the Lianshan, the Guicang and the Zhou Yi. All three are said to use the trigrams and hexagrams but to start from different points.
The Lianshan and Guicang were largely lost. Qin-dynasty bamboo slips excavated at Wangjiatai, Hubei, in 1993 include material that many scholars connect with the Guicang. Only the Zhou Yi survives complete.
What does "Yi" mean?
A Han-dynasty apocryphal text, followed by the scholar Zheng Xuan, says "Yi" has three meanings: simplicity (the principle is simple), change (everything keeps changing) and constancy (within change there are unchanging patterns). It is a good attitude for reading the book: begin with simple yin and yang, watch change, and look for the patterns within it.
Which edition should a beginner read?
Whichever name is on the cover, choose an edition with the original text, a modern translation and notes. Read the judgments and line statements first, then the Judgment and Image commentaries. For a study order, see can you teach yourself the I Ching?
FAQ
- Are the Zhou Yi and the Yi Jing the same book?
- Today they usually mean the same text. Zhou Yi originally meant the Zhou-era hexagram texts; Yi Jing is the name it gained as a classic. Modern editions use either name and normally include the Ten Wings.
- Did Confucius write the Ten Wings?
- Tradition says so; most modern scholars think several authors wrote them between the Warring States period and the early Han.
- Can you still read the Lianshan and Guicang?
- Both were largely lost. Slips found at Wangjiatai in 1993 are linked by many scholars to the Guicang, but the full text cannot be restored.
Practise with an app
To practise these ideas, YiJian is an iPhone course that teaches the I Ching from zero, with eight interactive beginner lessons (the first three free) and illustrated guides to all sixty-four hexagrams. Casting in the app is a practice feature for checking what you have learned and reflecting on your situation; it does not make decisions for you.