十神是什麼？從日主讀懂八字裡的關係
作者：Wei Chun Chuang・2026-10-15
十神是八字裡描述「關係」的語言。它以日主為中心，看其他天干和自己是什麼關係，再為這些關係命名。學會十神，就能把一張命盤從「八個字」讀成「一組關係」。
十神是以誰為中心？
以日主為中心，也就是日柱的天干。命盤中其他的天干，以及地支裡的藏干，都拿來和日主比較，看它屬於哪一種關係。
所以同一個字，在不同人的命盤裡，可能是不同的十神。
十神是怎麼推導出來的？
推導只需要兩個條件：五行的生剋，以及陰陽是否相同。五行關係有五種，每種再依陰陽同異分成兩個，五乘二就是十神：
- 同我（五行相同）：同陰陽為比肩，異陰陽為劫財。
- 我生（日主生它）：同陰陽為食神，異陰陽為傷官。
- 我剋（日主剋它）：同陰陽為偏財，異陰陽為正財。
- 剋我（它剋日主）：同陰陽為七殺（也稱偏官），異陰陽為正官。
- 生我（它生日主）：同陰陽為偏印，異陰陽為正印。
可以用一個例子算算看嗎？
假設日主是甲，甲是陽木。依照上面的規則，十個天干對甲來說分別是：
- 甲：比肩 乙：劫財
- 丙：食神 丁：傷官
- 戊：偏財 己：正財
- 庚：七殺 辛：正官
- 壬：偏印 癸：正印
以丙為例：丙是陽火，木生火，屬於「我生」；甲和丙都是陽，同陰陽，所以是食神。用同樣的步驟多練習幾次，就能推出任何日主的十神。
五組十神各描述什麼？
傳統上常用以下方向理解五組十神，它們是觀察的主題，不是對人的定論：
- 比劫：自我、同儕、平起平坐的力量。
- 食傷：表達、創作、把想法輸出的方式。
- 財星：自己能掌握、經營的資源與事物。
- 官殺：規範、責任、壓力與外在結構。
- 印星：支持、學習、吸收與被照顧的來源。
「正」與「偏」的差別來自陰陽同異。傳統解說常把「正」描述得較平穩、有節制，「偏」描述得較直接、變化較大，但兩者沒有高下之分。
地支裡的十神怎麼看？
地支本身也有五行，但讀十神時通常看地支的藏干。例如寅藏有甲、丙、戊三個天干，就分別和日主比較，得出三個十神。藏干有主次之分，初學時可以先看主氣，也就是本氣。
初學十神常見的誤會是什麼？
一是望文生義，例如以為「傷官」就是受傷、「七殺」就是不好。這些只是古人為關係類型取的名稱，要回到生剋與陰陽去理解。
二是只看單一個十神就下結論。十神要放回整張命盤，看它在哪一柱、數量多寡、和其他字怎麼互動，才是完整的閱讀。
常見問題
- 十神一定要背嗎？
- 不需要硬背。只要記住「同我、我生、我剋、剋我、生我」五種關係，再加上陰陽同異，就能自己推導出來。
- 為什麼日主自己不算十神？
- 十神描述的是其他字和日主的關係，日主是比較的基準點，所以本身不另外命名。
- 十神名稱裡的「神」是神明嗎？
- 不是。這裡的「神」只是傳統稱呼，指一種關係類型，和宗教信仰無關。
想用 App 練習？
想跟著自己的命盤一步步推導，時來－八字是一款教你讀八字的 iPhone 課程 App。前三堂免費課會帶你找到日主；進階課有「十神怎麼推導」「十神五組各代表什麼」「十神在不同柱位」等主題，另有每日一題，用當天的天干對照你的日主練習。目前已送 App Store 審核。
What are the Ten Gods? Reading relationships in a Bazi chart from the Day Master
作者：Wei Chun Chuang・2026-10-15
The Ten Gods are the vocabulary Bazi uses for relationships. Starting from the Day Master, you look at how each of the other stems relates to "you" and give that relationship a name. Once you know the Ten Gods, a chart stops being eight characters and becomes a set of relationships.
Who is at the centre of the Ten Gods?
The Day Master, the heavenly stem of the day pillar. Every other stem in the chart, and the hidden stems inside the branches, is compared with the Day Master to see which relationship it represents.
That means the same character can be a different Ten God in different people's charts.
十神是怎麼推導出來的？
You need only two things: the Five Phases relationship, and whether the polarity (yin or yang) is the same. There are five phase relationships, each split in two by polarity, giving ten:
- Same phase as me: same polarity is the Friend (Bi Jian); different polarity is the Rob Wealth (Jie Cai).
- I generate it: same polarity is the Eating God (Shi Shen); different is the Hurting Officer (Shang Guan).
- I control it: same polarity is Indirect Wealth (Pian Cai); different is Direct Wealth (Zheng Cai).
- It controls me: same polarity is the Seven Killings (Qi Sha, also Indirect Officer); different is the Direct Officer (Zheng Guan).
- It generates me: same polarity is the Indirect Resource (Pian Yin); different is the Direct Resource (Zheng Yin).
Can we work through an example?
Suppose the Day Master is Jia, yang Wood. By the rules above, the ten stems relate to Jia as follows:
- Jia: Friend; Yi: Rob Wealth
- Bing: Eating God; Ding: Hurting Officer
- Wu: Indirect Wealth; Ji: Direct Wealth
- Geng: Seven Killings; Xin: Direct Officer
- Ren: Indirect Resource; Gui: Direct Resource
Take Bing: it is yang Fire, and Wood generates Fire, so it is "I generate it". Jia and Bing are both yang, the same polarity, so Bing is the Eating God. Repeat the steps a few times and you can derive the Ten Gods for any Day Master.
What does each of the five groups describe?
Traditionally the five groups are understood along these lines. They are themes to observe, not verdicts about a person:
- Friend and Rob Wealth: self, peers, forces on an equal footing.
- Eating God and Hurting Officer: expression, creativity, the ways ideas are put out into the world.
- Wealth stars: resources and things one manages and works with.
- Officer and Seven Killings: rules, responsibility, pressure and outside structure.
- Resource stars: support, learning, absorbing and being cared for.
"Direct" and "indirect" come from the polarity difference. Traditional explanations often describe the direct form as steadier and more measured and the indirect form as more forthright and changeable, but neither ranks above the other.
How do you read Ten Gods in the branches?
Branches have their own phase, but for the Ten Gods you usually look at their hidden stems. For example, the branch Yin contains Jia, Bing and Wu; compare each with the Day Master to get three Ten Gods. Hidden stems have a main and secondary order; beginners can start with the main one.
What do beginners often misunderstand?
First, reading the names literally, assuming the Hurting Officer means getting hurt or the Seven Killings means something bad. These are traditional names for types of relationship and should be understood through generation, control and polarity.
Second, drawing conclusions from a single Ten God. Each one has to be read in the whole chart: which pillar it sits in, how many there are, and how it interacts with the other characters.
常見問題
- Do I have to memorise the Ten Gods?
- Not by rote. Remember the five relationships, same as me, I generate, I control, controls me and generates me, plus same or different polarity, and you can derive them yourself.
- Why isn't the Day Master itself one of the Ten Gods?
- The Ten Gods describe how the other characters relate to the Day Master. The Day Master is the reference point, so it doesn't get a separate name.
- Does 'god' mean a deity?
- No. 'God' is simply the traditional term for a type of relationship and has nothing to do with religious belief.
Practise with an app
To derive them step by step on your own chart, Shilai – Bazi is an iPhone course that teaches you to read Bazi. The three free lessons lead you to your Day Master; advanced lessons cover deriving the Ten Gods, understanding the five groups and relationships at different positions, and a daily question compares that day's stem with your Day Master for practice. It is currently in App Store review.