紫微斗數的主星是什麼？十四主星入門
作者：Wei Chun Chuang・2026-10-15
打開一張紫微斗數命盤，十二個宮位裡寫滿了星曜名稱。初學者最先要認識的是「主星」，因為讀一個宮位，通常就是從它的主星開始。這篇只介紹十四主星的名稱、分組與基本概念，不談好壞判斷。
紫微斗數的主星是什麼？
紫微斗數的星曜很多，依重要性分成不同層級。其中最核心的十四顆稱為「十四主星」，也叫正曜。它們決定了一個宮位的主要性質，其他輔星、雜曜則在主星的基礎上增添細節。所以學讀盤時，先認得主星，是最有效率的起點。
十四主星是哪十四顆？
十四主星依排盤方式分成兩組：
- 紫微星系（六顆）：紫微、天機、太陽、武曲、天同、廉貞。
- 天府星系（八顆）：天府、太陰、貪狼、巨門、天相、天梁、七殺、破軍。
排盤時，先依出生資料定出紫微星的位置，紫微星系的其他五顆依固定間隔排入；天府星的位置和紫微星有固定的對應關係，天府星系的其他七顆再依序排入。所以只要知道紫微星在哪一宮，十四主星的位置就全部確定了。
每顆主星有什麼基本意象？
以下是常見的傳統關鍵詞，只用來幫助記憶。實際解讀要看主星落在哪個宮位、和哪些星同宮，不同書的說法也不盡相同：
- 紫微：帝星，主導、統籌。
- 天機：思考、謀略、變化。
- 太陽：光明、付出、面向公眾。
- 武曲：財星，果斷、執行。
- 天同：溫和、享受生活。
- 廉貞：原則與情感並存，性質複雜。
- 天府：庫星，穩健、守成、管理。
- 太陰：細膩、內斂、與月亮相關。
- 貪狼：多才多藝、交際、慾望。
- 巨門：言語、口才、探究。
- 天相：印星，協調、輔佐。
- 天梁：蔭星，照顧、原則。
- 七殺：將星，獨立、衝勁。
- 破軍：開創、變動、除舊布新。
一個宮位裡會有幾顆主星？
一個宮位可能有一顆主星、兩顆主星同宮，或者沒有主星。例如紫微與天府、武曲與貪狼都可能同宮。十四顆主星分布在十二個宮位裡，所以有些宮會有兩顆，有些宮則會空著。
沒有主星的宮位怎麼看？
沒有主星的宮位稱為「空宮」。常見的讀法是借用對宮（正對面那一宮）的主星來參看，同時留意空宮本身的輔星。空宮不是「沒有內容」，只是讀法不同。
初學者怎麼記十四主星？
- 先分兩組記：紫微星系六顆、天府星系八顆。
- 在自己的命盤上找到命宮，看命宮裡是哪一顆或哪兩顆主星。
- 再依序看其他宮位的主星，每次只認識一兩顆，搭配它的關鍵詞。
從自己的命盤開始認星，會比單純背名單容易記得多。
常見問題
- 十四主星裡哪一顆最好？
- 主星沒有固定的高低之分。同一顆星落在不同宮位、和不同的星同宮，讀法都不一樣，學習時應該先理解它的基本意象。
- 紫微斗數只有十四顆星嗎？
- 不是。十四主星是最核心的一組，命盤上還有許多輔星與雜曜，會在主星的基礎上補充細節。
- 命宮沒有主星怎麼辦？
- 這叫空宮。常見讀法是借對宮的主星來參看，並留意空宮內的輔星。
想用 App 練習？
時來－紫微的第三堂免費課就是「找出自己命宮的主星」。App 會依出生資料排出十二宮命盤，讓你在自己的盤上認星；前三堂不用先填生日也能上完。每句解釋都分成古籍原文、白話轉述與本專案自撰三層，古籍原文只取自《紫微斗數全書》卷一至卷三，不算吉凶。App 即將上架。
What are the major stars in Zi Wei Dou Shu? An introduction to the fourteen major stars
作者：Wei Chun Chuang・2026-10-15
Open a Zi Wei Dou Shu chart and the twelve palaces are full of star names. The first ones a beginner should learn are the major stars, because reading a palace usually begins with them. This article covers only the names, groups and basic ideas of the fourteen major stars, without judging any of them good or bad.
What are the major stars?
Zi Wei Dou Shu uses many stars, arranged in tiers of importance. The fourteen most central are called the fourteen major stars. They set the main character of a palace, and the minor and miscellaneous stars add detail on top. Learning the major stars first is the most efficient way into chart reading.
Which are the fourteen major stars?
By the way they are placed, they form two groups:
- The Zi Wei group (six): Zi Wei, Tian Ji, Tai Yang, Wu Qu, Tian Tong, Lian Zhen.
- The Tian Fu group (eight): Tian Fu, Tai Yin, Tan Lang, Ju Men, Tian Xiang, Tian Liang, Qi Sha, Po Jun.
When the chart is built, Zi Wei's position is found from the birth details and the other five stars of its group follow at fixed intervals. Tian Fu's position has a fixed correspondence with Zi Wei's, and the other seven stars of the Tian Fu group follow in order. Once you know which palace holds Zi Wei, all fourteen positions are set.
What basic image does each star carry?
These are common traditional keywords, offered only as memory aids. Actual reading depends on the palace and on which stars share it, and books differ in their wording:
- Zi Wei: the emperor star; leading, coordinating.
- Tian Ji: thinking, planning, change.
- Tai Yang (Sun): brightness, giving, public life.
- Wu Qu: the wealth star; decisive, getting things done.
- Tian Tong: gentle, enjoying life.
- Lian Zhen: principle and emotion together; a complex star.
- Tian Fu: the treasury star; steady, preserving, managing.
- Tai Yin (Moon): subtle, reserved.
- Tan Lang: many talents, sociability, desire.
- Ju Men: speech, eloquence, inquiry.
- Tian Xiang: the seal star; coordinating, assisting.
- Tian Liang: the shelter star; caring, principled.
- Qi Sha: the general star; independent, driven.
- Po Jun: pioneering, change, clearing out the old.
How many major stars can a palace hold?
A palace may have one major star, two sharing it, or none. Zi Wei with Tian Fu, or Wu Qu with Tan Lang, for example, can sit in the same palace. Fourteen stars spread over twelve palaces means some palaces hold two and some are empty.
How do you read a palace with no major star?
A palace without a major star is called an empty palace. A common approach is to borrow the major stars of the opposite palace for reference while also noting the minor stars inside the empty palace. Empty does not mean there is nothing to read; it is read differently.
How can a beginner learn the fourteen stars?
- Learn them in two groups: six in the Zi Wei group, eight in the Tian Fu group.
- Find the Life Palace on your own chart and see which one or two major stars are there.
- Move through the other palaces, learning one or two stars at a time with their keywords.
Starting from your own chart makes the stars far easier to remember than memorising a list.
常見問題
- Which of the fourteen major stars is the best?
- Major stars have no fixed ranking. The same star reads differently in different palaces and with different companions, so start by understanding each one's basic image.
- Does Zi Wei Dou Shu use only fourteen stars?
- No. The fourteen major stars are the core group; the chart also has many minor and miscellaneous stars that add detail.
- 命宮沒有主星怎麼辦？
- That is an empty palace. A common approach is to borrow the opposite palace's major stars for reference and note the minor stars inside.
Practise with an app
The third free lesson in SHILAI Ziwei is "Finding the major stars in your Life Palace". The app builds your twelve-palace chart from your birth details so you can learn the stars on your own chart, and the first three lessons can be finished without entering a birthday. Every explanation is labelled as classical passage, plain-language restatement or the project's own wording, with classical lines taken only from volumes 1–3 of the Ziwei Doushu Quanshu, and it gives no fortune verdicts. The app is coming soon.